Bible Studies: Looking Through a Different Lens, Part Two

By Dr. Josef Ben Levi

Presented by Omni-U Virtual University

Triads and Trinities

Divine family triads were prominent in the Egyptian narrative. For example,  the main triad in the New Kingdom, was Amun, Mut and their son, Khonsu. In Memphis, it was Ptah, Sekhmet and Nefertem; in Hermopolis, Thoth, Seshat and Hornub (the “golden Horus”, i.e. Heru) ; in Dendera and Edfu,  [Heru]Horus, Hathor and their son, Ihy. In the Land of Canaan, there was El, Asherah, and Ba’al. 

When the Catholic church references the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is the female aspect of that Trinity. This female principle is referred to as Theotokos Θεοτόκος. Familiar English translations are "Mother of God" or "God-bearer". At the Council of Ephesus, in 431 CE, it was decreed that Mary was the Theotokos because her son, Jesus, was both a deity and man, i.e., one divine person from two natures (divine and human). They were intimately and hypostatically (fundamentally) united.

These triads always had a father, mother, and son. The institution of a holy family of three with a divine son goes back to [Ausar] Osiris, [Auset] Isis, and [Heru] Horus — “the child, born of a miracle and heir to the ancestral theogamy”. All the pharaohs from the 5th Dynasty on regarded themselves as descendants of [Heru] Horus. The miracle refers to [Ausar's] Osiris’ post-mortem impregnation of [Auset]Isis. Joseph, Mary, and Jesus followed a very ancient precedent. (Cain, 2021; Freke, 1999; Hornung, 1982)

[Auset] Isis and Mary, the Queens of Heaven

Later Hathor became syncretized with [Auset]Isis, who was also a female divinity of love and other desirable attributes, and, like Hathor, extremely popular. Hathor and [Auset]Isis can be difficult to tell apart, since they both may be pictured with cow horns and

the Ra disk on their heads and share so many other characteristics.

But [Auset] Isis  went a step beyond Hathor. Her worship eventually stretched as far as the British Isles and lasted until 525 CE, when the Roman Emperor Justinian closed her temple at Philae Island, at the First Cataract. The First Cataract is in Nubia! She was the last Egyptian deity to be worshiped in Egypt, and the last hieroglyphs ever written on her temple at Philae, in 394 CE. (Ashby, 2020)

[Auset] Isis, the wife and sister of [Ausar] Osiris and the mother of [ Heru]Horus, instituted marriage and helped people understand the value of order in their domestic lives and the principle of ma’at  in marriage and household. She taught women how to grind corn and make cloth, and taught men how to cure disease. She invented mummification in order to put [Ausar] Osiris back together after he had been hacked to pieces by his brother Seth. In funerary matters, she was the protector of the liver in the Imsety (human-headed) canopic jar, stationed on the south side of the shrine. Most of all, she was “the mother par excellence.” (Robbins, 1993)

In art, [Auset] Isis is often pictured standing next to a mummy, in mourning, or cradling her baby son [Heru]Horus, or offering the milk of life to the pharaoh, as the supreme model of a loving woman and the quintessentially divine mother. (Laskar, 2025).

Since her worship lasted well into the Christian era, as many have noted, it seems unquestionable that the early Christians there identified [Auset]Isis with Mary, the mother of Jesus. In these images of [Auset]Isis and [Heru] Horus, it is hard not to see Mary at the cross or cradling the body of her dead son in Michelangelo’s La Pieta.

The larger issue is- to what extent  may [Auset] Isis have served as a model for the central claim of Christianity, that God became incarnate in the person of Jesus, who was “conceived by the Holy Spirit” — a claim not shared by Judaism and Islam.

Another example of the immaculate conception- Mutemwia, mother of Amenhotep III- was overcome by Amun, disguised as her husband, Thutmose IV, and then  the matter was sesled with the annunciation: “Amenhotep, Ruler of Waset, is the name of this child that I have placed in your womb. He shall be a potent pharaoh in this entire land.” (Cooney, 2018)

How could the self-aggrandizing Ramesses II, a century later, fail to seize upon such a boon? Indeed, he did not. Geraldine Pinch states that, “A stela from a chapel in the Ramesseum complex records that the deity Ptah took the form of Banebdjedet, the ram deity in Mendes (Djedet), the northern counterpart of Khnum at Elephantine to sleep with a mortal woman. The son that resulted was the future pharaoh, Ramesses II.” (Pinch, 2002) These are all examples of what is escribed in Christianity as “Immaculate Conception” long before the Christian narratives had taken place.

“Once the pharaoh was crowned, it followed that his mother had been visited by the deity and that pharaoh was the son of Amun-Ra,” according to Gay Robbins, this meant that every pharaoh’s mother had been ,on one occasion, the earthly consort of Amun Ra”. (Pinch, 2002)

Well, there you have it: an Egyptian syllogism. In other words, a formal argument with two premises and a conclusion, or a subtle or crafty argument. But wait, there is also the annunciation and divine birth: a mortal woman visited by a deity! (Muller, 2013)

“There is not a visitor to Hatshepsut’s temple at Deir el-Bahri on the West Bank of the Nile River at Luxor who observes the divine birth scene, inscribed on the walls at the entrance to her temple, that does not immediately notice that this scene carved in stone is, “just like the announcement made to Mary by the angel Gabriel!’. But 1,500 years earlier, it was not Gabriel, it was Djehuty (Thoth); it was not Mary, it was Hatshepsut’s mother, Ahmose; and it was not the Holy Spirit, it was Amun. (Pinch, 2002)

Theogamy, refers to the marriage of a deity to a human being, a woman. Sometimes it also means an account of the origin and descent of the deities. This term is derived from the Greek θεογαμία, (Theogamia) related to the birth or genealogy of the deities as written by Hesiod in the Theogony. (Hesiod, 1987)

Theogamy also informed the annual Opet Festival — the main festival of the year in the New Kingdom, in which the pharaoh was rejuvenated and his “divinity recharged as the living son of Amun-Ra,” according to Toby Wilkinson. This was accomplished by “as inventive a piece of theology as the ancient Egyptians ever devised.”

In the second month of Akhet, the image of Amun was carried from Karnak south about two kilometers to Luxor (Ipet Resyt, the “Southern Sanctuary”), where the deity dallied for a month, reinvigorating both his divinity and the rulership by coupling symbolically with the pharaoh’s mother and then returned home to Karnak via the Nile. The key to the whole ceremony was the royal Ka, the divine essence that passed, unseen, into the mortal body of each successive monarch and made him divine-like. This explained and reconciled the apparent contradiction that a pharaoh could be both mortal and divine. (Capel, & Markoe, 1996).

The Ten Commandments and the Declarations of Innocence in Ancient Egypt

The collective understanding of the Ten Commandments, in Christianity and Judaism, is that they are God’s ultimate rules. However, they are far from being unique. Before elaborating on the points to be made, it is important to look at language again. The texts that are referred to as the “Ten Commandments” are not stated as such anywhere in the Torah. They are actually divided into two parts. The first five address the relationship of the community to the deity. The second five speak to the connections between the community within itself. You will not find, in Exodus 20 or Deuteronomy 5, any passage that reads, “And the Lord spoke unto Moses, saying, speak unto the Children of Israel the “Ten Commandments”! (Tanner, 2025).

Sure, you may see some caption at the top of your King James Bible, of whatever version/translation; reading “Ten Commandments” and you look below and there they are just the way the publishers said they would be. However, keep in mind that the original version of the Book of Exodus ἔξοδος (Exodos) in Greek, means “departure” or “leaving” and does not equate with the original title. The original tile is always a part of the first sentence of the text. In this case Exodus is called וְאֵ֗לֶּה שְׁמוֹת֙, Eleh Shemot “And these are the names…” The names of who? The names of the children of Israel that are departing from Egypt, that is who! The real title of the book called Exodus in the Protestant Bible is called שְׁמוֹת֙ “Shemot”, for short, in the original Hebrew scriptures.

What about the book of Deuteronomy? In Latin, Deutero and nomos mean “second law.” In the Hebrew original it is called אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים Eleh Ha Debareem. It means “These are the words.” The book is called Debareem דברים ,for short.

Neither one of these terms implies “commandments”. But, here are the facts. They have been called commandments because they use the “command form” as a grammatical rule. One has to read Hebrew in order to even grasp it. This command form is called Tzwah- צָוָה , which means ‘command’. That is because the so-called commandments are written in the “imperative grammatical form”!

For example, it does not say “Thou shalt not kill” which is from the King James English. This is a request! In Hebrew it is a command, לא תרצח  - Lo Tirzakah. Don’t you murder! People are murdered; animals, however, are killed. That is clear in Leviticus 1:5 where it says, “And the priest will kill the bullock before the lord….” In Hebrew it reads ושחט את בן הבקר, “And he shall kill the bullock…” -Rzak-רצח – is the verb for “murder” and Shkat – שחט- is the verb for “kill”.

These are the facts related to the Ten Commandments. However, that does not exclude the reality of the Hebrews (Children of Israel) residing in the Nile Valley for almost four hundred years and the significant generational impact that had on their thinking and genetics. (Tanner, 2025).

The Ten Commandments reveal the ancient laws they were built upon. While they are presented as the “gold standard” for ethical behavior, rarely are they interrogated for their origins. Today we hear politicians cry about putting them in schools, courts, even on public monuments. They are framed as the foundation of Western ethics, as if, without them, we would all be stabbing and robbing each other.

Yet, here is the naked truth. The Ten Commandments are not original.

They are not unique nor are they the first of their kind, and they definitely were not some cosmic moral breakthrough. They are part of a long tradition of human law codes, many of which came centuries before Moses. In Western society the distinction between justice and injustice is determined by codes of religious commandments and civil laws based on English Common Law and Roman Civic Law. Kemet,i.e., ancient Egypt, had no such codes.  

In ancient Kemet, there were no oppositional deities, only complimentary deities and always balanced as male and female. Consequently, there was never a notion of the “42 Commandments of Ma’at” in ancient Kemet. There are many translations of the “Prt m hrw” or the “Book of going up or Ascending into the Light” or “Procession into the Day, Light, Sun”.

None of the many copies written by the hand of a scribe, pronounced sesh, and placed inside of a coffin either on papyrus scrolls or inscribed on the outside of a coffin (Coffin Texts) had a 125th Chapter nor any chapters for that matter in the modern Biblical sense describing the “42 Commandments of Ma’at” nor were they viewed as “Negative Confessions” in the “Book of Going Forth by Day” in ancient times. The idea that they expressed “negativity” was because each vignette uses the ancient mDw nTr sign for negation, pronounced nenen. This symbol of the outstretched arms with the palms up means “no, not and other negations”. The idea that they are referred to as “Declarations” is because they are declarative sentences. Hence, the notion of “Declaration of Innocence”.

In 1842, the German Egyptologist, Karl Richard Lepsius, published a “Book of the Dead” manuscript in which he numbered each of the so-called “spells”. That numbering system is still used today to number those spells or, more accurately, “utterances”. The use of the term “spells” by Europeans when referring to African spiritual practices are always a form of negation implying evil or witchcraft, since only witches and warlocks “cast” spells! The notion of the 125th Chapter and the connection to the Ten Commandments in the Bible was an association earlier European antiquarians had made, particularly starting with the Germans in the Eighteenth century. (Faulkner, 1998)

Contemporarily, within the African community at least, this notion was popularized by Dr. Yosef Ben Jochannan namely in his “African Origin of the Major Western Religions” (1970), among others.

Ancient Egypt breaks open the Ten Commandments in the Bible to reveal the ancient laws they were built upon. Moses grew up in Pharaoh’s palace and Egypt was not lawless; it had its own moral framework called Ma’at — the principle of truth, balance, and justice.

The Sumerians

“What became of the Black People of Sumer?’ the traveler asked the old man, “for ancient records show that the people of Sumer were Black. What happened to them?’ “Ah,’ the old man sighed. “They lost their history, so they died.” (Williams, 1987).

The Sumerians came from the south. Not only does the density of the settlements indicate a settling from south to north, but the absence of Sumerian elements in the mountain ranges, north and east of Babylonia, favor the thesis that the Sumerians came from, or at least through, the south or Gulf area.

The earliest site known in Lower Mesopotamia for the Sumerian society has been found at Tell-Abu-Shahrain, which is identified as the ancient city of Eridu. This is the very city where the first anti-diluvian or pre-flood kingship was located according to the Sumerian Kings List.

The Sumerian Kings List starts out by saying:

"After kingship descended from heaven, Eridu became the   seat of kingship. In Eridu Alulim reigned 28,200 years as king, Alalgar reigned 36,000 years - two kings reigned 64,800 years. Eridu was abandoned,and its kingship was          carried off to Badtibira. The floods then swept over the land and kingship had descended from Heaven a second time, Kish became the seat of kingship."

This was also a period of peaceful coexistence between all life forms in existence at that time. A sign, almost universally consistent in the African world, that Europeans were not present.

Sumerian literature supports this by saying that:

"In those days there was no snake, there was no scorpion..., there was no lion, there was no wild dog, no wolf. There was no fear, no terror, man had no opponent… The whole universe, the people in unison - to EN.LIL, Lord of Lords, with one tongue give praise".

They continue in another text saying:

“After Anu, Enlil, Enki, and NIN.HUR.SAG had fashioned the Black Face People or SIG.GA.GA, vegetation luxuriated from the earth, animals and four-legged creatures of the plains were brought artfully into existence". (Landsberger, 1974).

The cuneiform texts from which this literature is derived, were written mostly in Sumerian; and this shows that Sumerian was a real language once used by real people. In other words, the Black Faced People of the Black Faced Land used a Black Faced Language, related to the Western Kushite Language family. The fact that the very earliest documents were entirely Sumerian also seems to demonstrate the priority of the Sumerians in Mesopotamia. (Hermstein, 2013; Jones, 1969).

It is for this reason that the country identified as Melukka, "The Black land", often mentioned in Sumerian inscriptions as the land where valuable woods and precious stones originated has been recognized as the Indus Valley. But even as late as the Akkadian period from about 2000 B.C. to the Isin Dynasty of 1800 B.C. Kemet and Kush are also called Magan and Melukka respectively. These terms always referred to the 'Land of the Black Man'. (Hermstein, 2013; Kenoyer, 1994)

Continued in Part 3

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